What are the two main systems in plants?
The root system and the shoot system.
What is a taproot system?
A root system with one prominent main root and smaller lateral roots branching from it.
Name a characteristic of the fibrous root system.
It consists of adventitious roots of similar size and grows horizontally.
Give an example of a plant with a taproot system.
Carrot or radish.
Which plants commonly have fibrous root systems?
Monocots like rice, wheat, and corn.
What are adventitious roots?
Roots that grow from parts of the plant other than the radicle, such as stems or leaves.
Name one function of roots.
Absorption of water and minerals from the soil.
What is the purpose of the root cap?
To protect the growing tip of the root and aid its movement through the soil.
What is the zone of elongation in roots?
The region where cells elongate rapidly, contributing to root length.
What does the root hair zone do?
It increases the root’s surface area for water and mineral absorption.
What are the main components of the shoot system?
Stem, branches, leaves, flowers, seeds, and fruits.
What are nodes and internodes on a stem?
Nodes are points where leaves or branches grow, and internodes are the sections between nodes.
What is a function of stems?
Transporting water and nutrients between roots and leaves.
What is a tuber?
A swollen underground stem that stores food, such as a potato.
Define a bulb and give an example.
A short underground stem with fleshy leaves for food storage, e.g., onion or lily.
What is a stolon?
A horizontal stem that grows above the ground, rooting at nodes, e.g., jasmine.
What type of stem is a rhizome?
A horizontal underground stem with nodes and internodes, e.g., ginger.
What is the function of the shoot system in sexual reproduction?
Producing flowers for pollination and seed formation.
What is an offset in plants?
A short horizontal branch producing a rosette of leaves and adventitious roots, found in aquatic plants like water lettuce.
What is the primary role of a corm?
Food storage and survival in adverse conditions, e.g., taro.
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